Diverticular disease refers to a condition characterized by the presence of diverticula, small pouches that form in the walls of the colon (large intestine). These pouches can develop when weak areas of the colon’s muscular wall bulge outward, typically due to increased pressure within the colon. Diverticular disease includes two main conditions: diverticulosis and diverticulitis.

**Diverticulosis** is the presence of diverticula without inflammation or infection. It is often asymptomatic and may be discovered incidentally during diagnostic tests for other conditions. Treatment typically focuses on dietary modifications, such as increasing fiber intake to prevent complications.

**Diverticulitis** occurs when one or more diverticula become inflamed or infected. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and changes in bowel habits. Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and may range from antibiotics and dietary changes to hospitalization and, in severe cases, surgery to remove the affected portion of the colon.

Complications of diverticulitis can include abscess formation, perforation of the colon, or the development of fistulas (abnormal connections between organs). Management aims to prevent recurrent episodes and complications through lifestyle changes, such as a high-fiber diet, and, when necessary, surgical intervention to address complications or recurrent disease.

Specialists, including colorectal surgeons like Dr. Boddu Ramakrishna Rao, play a crucial role in managing diverticular disease, offering expertise in both conservative and surgical treatments to optimize patient outcomes and quality of life.